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Case Study : Scaffolding Company at Leeds Public Inquiry

A long established scaffolding firm operating ten large goods vehicles were called to a goods vehicle public inquiry. 

Background of the Case

The company had been in existence since the 1970s. The founding director had recently entered into semi-retirement and was in the process of handing over to his daughter who was by then the director with day to day management responsibilities. There were about 50 people working for the company and if the operators licence were terminated then the business would have to close.

The reason for the call to public inquiry was that there had been a large number of goods vehicle prohibitions and the MOT first time pass rate was poor. DVSA (VOSA) had carried out an investigations and the conclusion of their report to the Traffic Commissioner was "unsatisfactory". There had also been historic problems with overloading of goods vehicles and insecure loads. The Traffic Commissioner decided that he needed to hold a public inquiry to decide whether it was necessary to revoke or suspend the operators licence or to reduce the number of the vehicles in the fleet.

How We Helped 

The director of the scaffolding company contracted us for legal advice about eight weeks before the public inquiry was due to take place. This meant that we had plenty of time to deal with as many problems as possible in advance of the public inquiry. We arranged a time to attend the company's premises to meet with the directors, managers and staff.

We spent about four hours at the operators premises. This began with a lengthy discussion with the directors and managers with responsibility for the transport operation of the business. The key activity of the business was scaffolding and the transport operation formed only a small, but very much vital, part of the company's overall activities.

In fact, it seemed that this was part of the overall problem. The company was scaffolding orientated (and scaffolding comes with its own set of regulations and health and safety practice). Transport law compliance was possibly not getting the same level of focus. Those driving the goods vehicles considered themselves scaffolders first, they were not in the mindset of professional drivers.

We had a very good look around the company's premises and their systems and procedures. We took photographs as useful evidence for the public inquiry - pictures really can tell a thousand words. We took away a box full of the company's records from the last fifteen months for further analysis back at the office.

A week or so later we produced to the company our detailed findings including a host of recommendations and enhancements to their existing systems. This included instruction on how to analyse PMI records (6 weekly inspection records) to look out for problems and possible trends. As a result of analysing the MOT history we identified significant shortcomings on the part of their maintenance contractor. Our recommendation was that they should urgently consider changing their maintenance contractor.

The company arranged for the RHA to come in and give various drivers and managers some intense training on operator licence law and compliance with transport regulations. We arranged for all vehicles to have laminated notices displayed in the cabs about the pay load capacity of each vehicle to avoid overloading and instructions on how to spread the load to avoid axle overloads. Also information on nearest weighbridges and the individual weights of scaffolding items so drivers could calculate the weight of loads. Steps were taken to ensure loads were properly secured with the correct number and positioning of straps.

We also drafted a drivers handbook which gave written instructions on all sorts of legal compliance matters. The daily inspections system was tightened up and a process of regular quality control and auditing was implemented.

On our recommendation, the directors had a meeting with their maintenance contractor and gave them a final written warning about their workmanship. At the same time the company obtained quotes from other maintenance contractors and the question of whether to move their maintenance was kept under review.

The Public Inquiry

In advance of the public inquiry we prepared a ring binder of evidence. This included a mixture of copies of letters, maintenance records, the drivers handbook, health and safety documents, emails, invoices, training certificates and photographs. We prepared a detailed written submission to the Traffic Commissioner which we sent with the ring binder a few days before the public inquiry. This gave the Traffic Commissioner the chance to read our case and see our evidence before the hearing had even started.

At the hearing itself we presented the managing director and the main manager dealing with transport as witnesses. We asked them questions during the public inquiry hearing to lead them through their evidence and refer to and explain documents as they went along.

The Traffic Commissioner appeared to quickly form a positive impression of the operator and its director, manager and staff. He accepted our case which was that the operator had not set out to break the regulations on purpose. Rather the company had been doing business for so long without being in trouble before and this meant that they had become out of touch with modern law and good practice. It was a case of them taking immediate steps to get themselves quickly back into line. The Traffic Commissioner fully accepted that this is what had happened so decided not to take any action against the company, save for a warning.

Outcome of the Public Inquiry

The only action taken was a warning by the Traffic Commissioner.



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Case Study : Bus company on Fourth Public Inquiry

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Transport Law
It is easy to fall foul of technical aspects of operator licencing. Whether of goods vehicles or passenger service vehicles. One commonly seen relates to disc loaning or licence lending.

An operator is generally not permitted to allow other businesses to ‘use’ the O Licence. And to deliberately do so would likely lead to revocation of the licence, and possible disqualification (perhaps indefinitely) of the legal entity or person behind the licence from holding or even applying for a licence.

Some operators, while not acting with deliberate intent, inadvertently blur the lines of who is ‘using’ or operating the vehicles. One such case was an operator (a limited company) in the North-East traffic area that we represented at the Leeds OTC public inquiry (PI) room.

Our client successfully ran ( and continues to do so) a niche business with highly bespoke heavy goods vehicles. It used several legal entities, including limited companies, to conduct its well-established business. It’s not unfair to say the business model was unusual and complex. (Although the Traffic Commissioner (TC) is not a regulator of businesses, to the extent that matters touch on O Licencing, he/she has regulatory powers to exercise against operators. ) An additional factor was that it involved a restricted licence, meaning that the vehicles could only carry the goods of the entity with the licence.

Without going into all the detail, the operator was using vehicles in such a way that raised the question of whether other legal entities were using the licence, or otherwise unlawfully benefitting from it, and carrying the goods of another entity (Who is the ‘user’ of the vehicle and the true operator can be very complex, and is determined by multiple factors).

We gave our comprehensive legal opinion on all matters that would foreseeably be raised at the hearing. This included urgent advice on an immediate change to how the company was using its vehicles; the company’s maintenance and compliance documentation; and how a different approach would be needed, particularly in respect of brake testing, daily walkarounds and defect reporting/remedying. The company was keen to learn and was receptive to our advice. This involved a site visit, email correspondence, and video-conference/telephone meetings.

All requested maintenance documentation and a business model was submitted in advance to the OTC.

At the hearing the company was able to demonstrate that it was operating vehicles within the authorised parameters. It had learned much in the build-up to the PI and was willing to implement advice - even as late as the day of the PI. The TC conducted a balancing exercise. He concluded there had been a falling-short of O Licence standards in respect of vehicle use and maintenance, and that the company was late to take on professional advice. On the other hand, new systems were in place and dramatic improvements made. OLAT courses had either been booked or completed and the services of a transport consultant were engaged. The almost inevitable regulatory action in this case was limited to a short curtailment involving some vehicles, and undertakings added to the licence. The client considered this a significantly good result considering the consequences of losing the licence or other kinds of regulatory action – which potentially had been on the cards based on the TCs public inquiry brief.
Transport Law
As with many applications or ‘regulatory’ public inquiries, the Traffic Commissioner (TC) has before her or him a set of papers prepared by their case worker. The fact a public inquiry has been convened means there are concerns. The papers alone cannot determine the TCs decision—one way or the other. It is imperative therefore that applicants or licence holders prepare their case thoroughly. If prepared properly, it will help assist the TC to make a favourable decision. If not, the TC may conclude that the case is as it appears on the papers – or even worse.

We recently represented a company that applied for an O Licence (the applicant). The matter was brought to public inquiry because of serious concerns that the new company was either a front for a company that had gone into administration, and/or a phoenix arrangement was taking place; transport manager (TM) considerations; and the application form had not been completed correctly—causing an appreciable misrepresentation of the facts (The simple filling out of the application form is the first opportunity the TC has to see anything about the applicant, including whether they are trustworthy!)

After taking instructions, we could see there was plenty of scope to prepare a strong case for the grant of the application. The applicant’s connection to a company that had gone into administration: any links were tenuous and superficial. There was no phoenix arrangement because there were no substantive connections between the two entities, or relevant individuals. The incorrectly filled-out application form was a genuine error (even though it appeared otherwise).

On the professional competence issue, we advised that a replacement TM was necessary. The originally nominated TM was, in our opinion, not suitable in this case. A TM may have the qualification, but depending on the facts, more is required, including experience, actual knowledge and other capabilities. Our client accepted our advice and contracted another TM, contingent on the grant of the licence.

Most, if not all, of the TCs case directions were fully adhered to. Documentary evidence and representations were submitted two weeks in advance.

Most of the work for the inquiry was completed beforehand. That just left the hearing. We advised on what the hearing would entail and how best to present first-person evidence. Hearings can be particularly stressful, especially if things are left last minute, or not addressed properly. In the end, this hearing was fairly straightforward and relatively short. The TC was satisfied that the evidence submitted adequately addressed concerns. Further evidence and submissions were presented at the hearing. Assurances were given, including a willingness to have conducted an independent audit. As at the date of the hearing, it was clear that the applicant had a good knowledge of O Licence compliance requirements and of their specific kind of haulage work. The application was granted with immediate effect with authorisation for several HGVs.
Transport Law
We were instructed by a business primarily involved in farming and authorised to operate six large goods vehicles

The public inquiry was called before the Traffic Commissioner to consider the operator’s repute. Revocation, suspension, curtailment of the licence, and possible disqualification, were also under consideration (under sections 26(1)(b), 26(c)(iii), 26(e) and 26(f) and 35 of the Goods Vehicles (Licensing of Operators) Act 1995.

Background: the operator (like many operators) had not understood the consequences of changing its legal entity. In this case from a sole trader to limited company. And that, generally, in such circumstances, a licence must be applied for in the name of the new legal entity.

Over the period of some months, the operator had started to run some of the business through the limited company; some thought the sole tradership. Meanwhile, one of its HGVs was stopped by DVSA at a roadside encounter. The vehicle was unfortunately given an ‘S’ marked prohibition for significant failings in its braking system. After questioning the operator, the DVSA concluded that there had been an outright change of legal entity. There were also some other less-significant shortcomings, relating to finances, daily walkaround checks, and paperwork issues .

Together, these were serious failings to overcome at PI. Much would depend on how responsive to our advice the operator and transport manager would be.

We were instructed in good time, and promptly advised on all relevant matters. DVSA had concluded there had been a categoric legal entity change, but we were able to give our opinion on this somewhat nuanced area of law. We advised that this could easily lead to the revocation of the licence, but not necessarily. A robust response would be needed in all areas and any shortcomings remedied as soon as practicably possible.

After several meetings, our client and the TM were clear on what needed to be done before the PI. We also advised on what to expect at the PI itself, including what questions might be asked. The client was responsive and we managed to adhere to the OTC deadlines. During our instructions, other matters emerged—ones not raised in the TCs PI Brief papers. We advised on these also to pre-empt further potential questioning.

The hearing went as near-to-plan as could be expected. The operator and TM were well prepared for the hearing. They were able to fully satisfy the TC on most matters raised. The TC accepted our final submissions that there had never been any attempt to deceive or gain an unfair commercial advantage (there had been no such advantage ) and that any mistakes were inadvertent. We’d submitted supporting evidence in advance.

The simple decision was that the TC curtailed the margin on the licence for two weeks. This resulted in no material disadvantage to the operator. On a balance of probabilities, the TC was satisfied that the business would be compliant as the holder of a goods vehicle operator licence. The effect was that the operator was now in a position to continue using its O’licence without interruption, and run its well-established and successful farming business.